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Russian battleship Poltava (1911)
''Poltava'' was the second of the s of the Imperial Russian Navy built before World War I. The ''Gangut''s were the first class of Russian dreadnoughts. She was named after the Russian victory over Charles XII of Sweden in the Battle of Poltava in 1709. She was completed during the winter of 1914–15, but was not ready for combat until mid-1915. Her role was to defend the mouth of the Gulf of Finland against the Germans, who never tried to enter, so she spent her time training and providing cover for mine laying operations. She was laid up in 1918 for lack of trained crew and suffered a devastating fire the following year that almost gutted her. Many proposals were made to reconstruct or modernize her in different ways for the next twenty years, but none were carried out. While all this was being discussed she served as source of spare parts for her sister ships and was used as a barracks ship. She was finally struck from the Navy List in 1940 and scrapping began at a very leisurely rate. She was intentionally grounded in late 1941 to prevent her from being sunk in some inconvenient location by the Germans. She was refloated in 1944 and scrapped beginning in 1949.
==Design==
''Poltava'' was long at the waterline and long overall. She had a beam of and a draft of , more than designed. Her displacement was at load, over more than her designed displacement of .〔McLaughlin, p. 207〕
''Poltava''s machinery was built by the Franco-Russian Works. Ten Parsons steam turbines drove the four propellers. The engine rooms were located between turrets three and four in three transverse compartments. The outer compartments each had a high-pressure ahead and reverse turbine for each wing propeller shaft. The central engine room had two each low-pressure ahead and astern turbines as well as two cruising turbines driving the two centre shafts. The engines had a total designed output of , but they produced during ''Poltava''s full-speed trials on 21 November 1915 and gave a top speed of . Twenty-five Yarrow Admiralty-type small-tube boilers provided steam to the engines at a designed working pressure of . Each boiler was fitted with Thornycroft oil sprayers for mixed oil/coal burning. They were arranged in two groups. The forward group consisted of two boiler rooms in front of the second turret, the foremost of which had three boilers while the second one had six. The rear group was between the second and third turrets and comprised two compartments, each with eight boilers. At full load she carried of coal and of fuel oil and that provided her a range of at a speed of .〔McLaughlin, pp. 208, 224–25〕
Her main armament consisted of a dozen 52-calibre guns mounted in four triple turrets distributed the length of the ship. The Russians did not believe that super firing turrets offered any advantage as they discounted the value of axial fire and believed that super firing turrets could not fire while over the lower turret because of muzzle blast problems. They also believed that distributing the turrets, and their associated magazines, over the length of the ship improved the survivability of the ship. Sixteen 50-calibre Pattern 1905 guns were mounted in casemates as the secondary battery intended to defend the ship against torpedo boats. She completed with only a single 30-calibre ''Lender'' anti-aircraft (AA) gun mounted on the quarterdeck. Other anti-aircraft guns were probably added during the course of World War I, but details are lacking.〔McLaughlin, pp. 220–21〕 Conway's says that four were added to the roofs of the end turrets during the war.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 303〕 Four submerged torpedo tubes were mounted with three torpedoes for each tube.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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